Which case established the legal precedent for a woman's right to choose an abortion prior to fetal viability?

The case that established the legal precedent for a woman's right to choose an abortion prior to fetal viability is Roe v. Wade. Decided by the Supreme Court in 1973, this landmark decision held that a woman's right to privacy, as protected by the Constitution, extends to her decision to have an abortion. The Court ruled that states could not impose excessive restrictions on abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, thus affirming the right to choose.

This ruling established a framework that allowed states to regulate abortion procedures only after the point of viability, which is generally considered to be around 24 weeks into the pregnancy. Roe v. Wade has been a pivotal case in the ongoing debate regarding abortion rights in the United States, influencing laws and policies concerning reproductive freedom.

The other choices do not pertain directly to the issue of abortion rights. Furman v. Georgia dealt with the death penalty and its application, the Miranda ruling established the necessity of informing individuals of their rights during police interrogations, and Griswold v. Connecticut addressed marital privacy concerning contraception. Each of these cases touched on important privacy issues, but none specifically established the right to choose an abortion prior to fetal viability like Roe v. Wade did.