Which election process does NOT demonstrate the principle of federalism?

The principle of federalism is characterized by the distribution of power between national and state governments. Federalism allows for different levels of government to operate independently and make decisions that are suitable for their jurisdictions.

The process of a popular election, where voters directly cast their votes for candidates, primarily represents a straightforward democratic principle of direct representation. It doesn't require the interaction of state and federal systems as the other processes do.

In contrast, the Electoral College voting involves a system where electors, appointed by each state, formally elect the President. This reflects federalism as it incorporates both state and federal roles in the election of the executive. Similarly, state gubernatorial elections and Senate elections reflect federalism: gubernatorial elections take place at the state level, while Senate elections involve both state representatives and the federal system.

Thus, the popular election process stands out as it does not incorporate this dual-level interaction typical of federalism, instead functioning as a direct mechanism for representative democracy without the influence of state structures in the same way.